Immunolocalization of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-I, GnRH-II, and Type I GnRH Receptor during Follicular Development in the Human Ovary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: GnRH and its receptor have been detected at the mRNA level in different ovarian cell types, implicating an autocrine role of the GnRH system in the human ovary. However, the expression at the protein level of GnRH and its receptor in specific cell types during follicular development has not been documented in humans. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of GnRH-I (the classical form of mammalian GnRH), GnRH-II (the novel isoform), and the type I GnRH receptor (GnRHR) that is known to bind both forms of GnRH, in ovaries of premenopausal women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblot assay, and real-time RT-PCR were performed. RESULTS: GnRH-I, GnRH-II, and GnRHR were not immunostained in the follicles from the primordial to the early antral stage. In preovulatory follicles, both forms of GnRH and their common receptor were localized predominantly to the granulosa cell layer, whereas the theca interna layer was weakly positive. In the corpus luteum, significant levels of GnRH-I, GnRH-II, as well as GnRHR were observed in granulosa luteal cells, but not in theca luteal cells. Both GnRH isoforms and the type I GnRHR were localized also to the ovarian surface epithelium from which over 85% of ovarian cancers are thought to be derived. CONCLUSION: The expression of GnRH-I, GnRH-II, and GnRHR protein in the human ovary is temporally and spatially specific and further supports the physiological role of an autocrine regulatory system involving GnRH-I, GnRH-II, and GnRHR in follicular development and corpus luteal function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".