Lazare Carnot l’encyclopédiste : théologie, morale et politique de la tolérance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L'objet de cette étude est d'analyser les origines de l'idée de tolérance chez Lazare Carnot. Elles se trouvent de façon explicite dans la pensée des encyclopédistes, analysée ici à partir de l'article " Tolérance " de l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et de d'Alembert. Cette notion y émerge à trois plans différents de la connaissance, théologie, morale, et politique. Dans la seconde partie de l'étude, on confronte la conception philosophique de Carnot à ses applications pratiques : l'encyclopédiste confronté à l'homme politique, au cours d'une carrière que structure la Révolution française. Le moment privilégié retenu pour cette confrontation est la Terreur. Quand, membre du Comité de salut public de la Convention, se pose à lui et de façon aiguë le problème de la cohabitation entre radicalisme politique et tolérance. Deux notions, celle de " salut public ", et précisément celle de " tolérance " apparaissent alors au-delà des frontières de la tolérance. On montre ici que ces limites ne sont pas imposées par la situation d'urgence révolutionnaire, mais déjà pensées par les encyclopédistes des Lumières.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".