Long-Term Monitoring of Strain in Instrumented Piles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of strain in two 31 and 56 m long instrumented postdriving grouted cylinder piles at a site west of Busan, South Korea, were monitored during 200 days after construction, whereupon a static loading test was performed. Initial strain measurements showed unexpected elongation of the pile, probably due to swelling from absorption of water but as the soil reconsolidated, the elongation changed into shortening, probably due to imposed residual load in the pile. The resulting compression of the pile eventually offset the swelling of the pile. To investigate the cause of the strain changes more closely and enhance the evaluation of the field data, two short pile pieces were prepared and placed free-standing above ground in an outside laboratory. One piece was from a cylinder pile of which central void was grouted and one was made up by grouting inside a temporary casing. The monitoring showed that the short pieces appeared first to shorten and then to elongate due to the heating and cooling from the hydration process. When strains and temperature had stabilized 150 days after start of the study, both pieces were submerged to introduce swelling of the concrete. For the first 100 days after submerging, the swelling strains in both short pieces amounted to 100 με. Seven hundred days after submersion, the total swelling strains were 150 and 250 με.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".