Physical modelling of consolidation of Hong Kong marine clay with prefabricated vertical drains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a small-scale physical model with full instrumentation was set up and used to measure the full consolidation process of a cylinder of clay with one prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) in its middle. The model test produced several interesting phenomena: (i) a delayed pore-water pressure increase under a constant pressure during loading stages, (ii) a delayed pore-water pressure decrease under a constant pressure during unloading stages, and (iii) residual excess pore-water pressures at the end of loading. Two analytical solutions accounting for the well resistance and a smear zone with reduced permeability are used to calculate the variation of average excess pore-water pressure with time, and these are compared with the measured variation. The well resistance of the PVD has a larger influence on the consolidation process than the permeability of the smear zone, especially during the latter stages of consolidation. The analytical solutions are able to show the influence of the well resistance of the PVD strip, but they cannot satisfactorily simulate the pattern of the residual excess pore-water pressure with time.Key words: consolidation, vertical drain, marine clay, physical modelling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".