Influence of Breakup Regimes on the Droplet Size Produced by Splash-Plate Nozzles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to identify the influence of the breakup regime on the droplet sizes produced by a splash-plate nozzle. Sprays formed by splash-plate atomizers were categorized according to the different types of breakup regimes of a spreading liquid sheet. Mean droplet sizes of various splash-plate nozzles were determined and they were correlated to liquid viscosity, nozzle diameter, and flow velocity. Various mixtures of corn syrup and water were used to obtain viscosities in the range of 1-140 mPa · s. Three different splash-plate nozzles of 0.5,1, and 2 mm with a constant plate angle of 55 deg were tested. A phase Doppler particle analyzer was used to determine the droplet sizes generated at various operating conditions. The results indicated that the droplet-size correlations for a splash-plate atomizer depend on the liquid-sheet breakup regime. The effect of viscosity based on power-law correlation was changed by about 2 orders of magnitudes in the exponent when the breakup regime changed from the Rayleigh-Taylor instability regime with stable rim to the sheet perforation regime.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".