Seeding Date Alters Carbohydrate Accumulation in Winter Wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early seeding and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates is critical for the full expression of snow mold [caused principally by Typhula incarnata Lasch ex. Fr., Typhula ishikariensis Imai, Sclerotinia borealis Bub. & Vleug., Microdochium nivalis (Ces. ex Berl. & Vogl.) Samuels and Hallet] resistance in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell). Experiments were conducted during two growing seasons in the field at Lethbridge, AB, to study how early seeding affects the quantity of simple sugars and fructan, and degree of fructan polymerization in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. Different planting dates were employed to obtain plants at different developmental stages prior to winter dormancy. Leaf and crown tissue samples were collected from 14 winter wheat cultivars differing in snow mold resistance throughout the autumn, winter, and early spring. Snow mold resistant cultivars accumulated moderate levels of simple sugars and high levels of fructans across seeding dates and maintained a higher degree of polymerization of fructans compared with snow mold susceptible cultivars. Early seeded treatments generally accumulated lower levels of simple sugars and higher levels of more highly polymerized fructan in the autumn and winter than did late seeded treatments. The closest correlations between snow mold resistance and fructan content (r = 0.87) or degree of polymerization (r = 0.74) were observed in the later seeded treatments, suggesting that early seeding masked the expression of genotypic snow mold resistance. These results demonstrate an association between early seeding and fructan accumulation in relation to snow mold resistance in winter wheat and provide a physiological basis for the higher level of snow mold resistance among early seeded treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".