CD80 (B7.1) is expressed on both malignant B cells and nonmalignant stromal cells in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: CD80 is a member of the B7 family of immune coregulatory proteins that mediate both immune activation and suppression. CD80 in particular has recently been shown to play an important role in supporting immune suppression through interactions with B7-H1. CD80 has been identified as a therapeutic target in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) based on limited immunohistochemical studies of CD80 expression. Clinical studies have shown that the anti-CD80 antibody galiximab is safe and clinically efficacious in follicular NHL. However, the mechanisms through which targeting CD80 inhibits tumor progression remain poorly understood. METHODS: To further define the potential of CD80 as a therapeutic target in NHL, CD80 expression was evaluated by multicolor flow cytometric analysis of primary lymphoma cell suspensions generated from 241 diagnostic biopsies of patients with NHL. RESULTS: CD80 was expressed on malignant B cells in essentially all cases of follicular lymphoma (97%; n = 115), the majority of cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (90%; n = 69), marginal zone lymphoma (91%; n = 22), mantle cell lymphoma (75%; n = 12), and in about half of small lymphocytic lymphoma cases (43%; n = 23). CD80 was also present on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes in nearly all cases. Additionally, CD80 was expressed by non-B, non-T cells in 68 and 44% of cases of follicular and diffuse large B-cell NHL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CD80 is expressed on both malignant cells and the nonmalignant cells in NHL. Therapeutic targeting of CD80 will therefore modulate the complex intercellular interactions that define the tumor microenvironment in NHL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".