Enantioselective metabolism of ifosfamide by the kidney
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ifosfamide (IF), a potent chemotherapeutic agent for solid tumors, is known to cause high rates of nephrotoxicity, which is most likely due to the renal production of the metabolite chloroacetaldehyde. Enantioselective oxidation of IF has been shown in the liver but has never been reported in the kidney. Using porcine and human kidney samples, as well as the renal porcine cell line LLCPK-1, we document enantioselective metabolism of IF with prevalent production of the N-dechloroethylifosfamide (DCEIF) metabolites from the (S)-IF enantiomer compared to the amount of N-DCEIF metabolites produced from the (R)-IF enantiomers. Since IF enantiomers appear to be equally effective in chemotherapy, these results suggest that replacing the clinically standard racemic mixture of IF with (R)-IF may decrease renal metabolism of the drug and hence may decrease nephrotoxicity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it