Hydrodynamic modelling of the axial density profile in the riser of a low‐density circulating fluidized bed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The axial density profile is an important characteristic of the CFB riser and a key parameter in the CFB design. A simple, but reliable model is needed to predict the density profiles. Elutriation‐based models treat the dense phase at the bottom of the riser as a dense bubbling bed whereas the dilute phase higher up can be looked upon as the entrainment zone above the dense bed. The elutriation model, as originally presented by Rhodes et al. (1986) and based on Wen et al. (1982) is extensively studied and modified. In spite of the modifications, the use of entrainment models has certain clear limitations due to a wide range of predictions as evident from Table 1. Elutriation rates are calculated based on the hydrodynamic phenomena in the dense bed and a fitting procedure for the entrainment decay constant (σ) was performed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".