“Small-tufted” ganglion cells and two visual systems for the detection of object motion in rabbit retina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Small-tufted (ST) ganglion cells of rabbit retina are divided into eight types based upon morphology, branching pattern, level of dendritic stratification, and quantitative dimensional analysis. Only one of these types has been previously characterized in Golgi preparations, and four may be discerned in the work of others. Given their small dendritic-field size, and assuming uniform mosaics of each across the retina, ST cells comprise about 45% of all rabbit ganglion cells, and are therefore of major functional significance. Four ST cells occur as two paramorphic (a/b) pairs, and thus belong to class III, as previously defined. Four branch in sublaminae a and b of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and therefore belong to class IV. ST cells have small cell bodies 10-15 microm in diameter, small axons 0.7-1.3 microm in diameter, and small dendritic-field diameters, 40-110 microm in mid-visual streak. The dendrites of ST cells are highly branched, and bear spines and appendages of varying length, but vary from type to type. Class III.2 cells and class III.3 cells are partly bistratified. Class IV small-tufted cells differ characteristically in multiple features of dendritic branching and stratification. Class III small-tufted cells apparently have concentric (ON-center and OFF-center) receptive fields and may have "sluggish-transient" (class III.2) and "sluggish-sustained" (class III.3) physiology. Class IV cells include the "local-edge-detector" (LED) (class IVst1), and are all expected to give ON-OFF responses to small, centered, slowly moving visual stimuli. Based upon systematic variation in dendritic-field size across the retina, ST cells may be divided into two groups. In this "universal prey" species, they may belong to two systems of motion detection, typified by ON-OFF directionally selective and LED ganglion cells, respectively, specialized for detection of rapid motion at the horizon for land-based predators, and slow motion for airborne predators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".