Relative aggressiveness and production of 3- or 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol by<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>in spring wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the principal cause of fusarium head blight in North America, a disease that has caused severe losses in yield and quality of cereals. In North America, the vast majority of F. graminearum isolates produce 3- or 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (ADON) in addition to DON. Until recently, 15-ADON isolates predominated, but a rapid shift from 15-ADON to 3-ADON producers in Canada and north central USA has been documented. In order to better understand the effect of this population shift on relative aggressiveness of isolates and mycotoxin accumulation, we tested a total of 58 isolates for 3- and 15-ADON production on two Canadian spring wheat cultivars, ‘Roblin’ (susceptible) and ‘5602 HR’ (moderately resistant). In Experiment 1, three isolates from the Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, each of which produced either 15-ADON or 3-ADON, were tested using spray inoculation. In Experiment 2, 20 isolates which produced 15-ADON and 20 which produced 3-ADON from Manitoba, were tested using point inoculation. There were no significant differences in aggressiveness among isolates based either on geographic origin or mycotoxin type. Analysis of seeds from inoculated heads by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry indicated that the 3-ADON producing isolates had significantly higher DON levels than the 15-ADON isolates in ‘Roblin’ after both spray and point inoculation and in ‘5602HR’ after point inoculation. DON levels following point inoculation by 15-ADON isolates were similar in the two cultivars. The 15-ADON isolates from Alberta produced less DON than 15-ADON isolates from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Consistently, more ADON was produced by 15-ADON isolates than by 3-ADON isolates. The results of the study suggest that if the percentage of 3-ADON isolates in Canada increases, DON levels in cereals are likely to increase in epidemic years.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".