Reactions of carbocations with water and azide ion: calculation of rate constants from equilibrium constants and distortion energies using No Barrier Theory
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rate constants for the reaction of water or azide ion with various substituted benzylic carbocations can be calculated from the equilibrium constants for cation formation and distortion energies by means of the No Barrier Theory. Rate constants for the water reactions span 10 orders of magnitude. Most but not all of the azide reactions are diffusion controlled. The rate constants, and in particular those less than diffusion controlled, were successfully calculated. The set of equilibrium constants available from the literature was supplemented using alkyl chloride hydrolysis equilibrium constants and relative cation formation equilibrium constants derived from DFT/continuum calculations. The model used for these reactions allows for the entropic cost of bringing solutes together, the desolvational cost of losing hydrogen bonding solvation by water and the cost of moving the aryl ring through the solvent as the central atom changes from sp 2 to sp 3 hybridization and from planar to pyramidal geometry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it