Fine Structure in XPS and XANES Spectra Acquired from a Series of Sphalerite Samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fine structure of high resolution XPS and XANES S L3,2-edge spectra collected from a series of high quality sphalerite samples are examined and discussed. Each of the sphalerite samples had a characteristic iron concentration and the range was from <0.01 wt % Fe to 14.79 wt% Fe. XPS spectra acquired from sphalerite surfaces leached in ferric sulphate-sulphuric acid media are presented and discussed. XANES near-edge spectra were evaluated by comparing S L3,2 -edge spectra acquired from unreacted sphalerite samples. The XPS data show that the sphalerite dissolution proceeds via the formation of a metal deficient sulphide that evolves into a surface dominated by polysulphide species. The XANES data show that S 2p electron transitions to empty S 3s and S 3d states occur across an energy range above the absorption edge. A chemical shift associated with iron to sulphur bonds is identified and a pre-edge feature associated with S - Fe bonding in sphalerite is identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".