Bibliographic record
Abstract
The energy and time variables of the elementary classical dynamical systems are described geometrically, as canonically conjugate coordinates of an extended phase-space. It is shown that the Galilei action of the inertial equivalence group on this space is canonical, but not Hamiltonian equivariant. Although it has no effect at a classical level, the lack of equivariance makes the Galilei action inconsistent with the canonical quantization. A Hamiltonian equivariant action can be obtained by assuming that the inertial parameter in the extended phase-space is quasi-isotropic. This condition leads naturally to the Lorentz transformations between moving frames as a particular case of symplectic transformations. The limit speed appears as a constant factor relating the two additional canonical coordinates to the energy and time. Its value is identified with the speed of light by using the relationship between the electromagnetic potentials and the symplectic form of the extended phase-space. PACS Nos.: 45.20Jj, 11.30Cp, 03.50De
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".