Ground ice and soluble cations in near‐surface permafrost, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The distribution of segregated ice and soluble ions in near‐surface permafrost were investigated in hummocky terrain near Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Soil water content profiles from analyses of drill cores indicate that ice‐poor permafrost developed beneath a permafrost table aggrading at approximately 4 cm/a, but an ice‐rich zone, 10 to 20 cm thick, was observed beneath a permafrost table that had remained stable for about a decade. Ice‐rich intervals 10 to 30 cm thick were observed immediately beneath both a thaw unconformity formed in 1981 and an older, deeper unconformity. In profile, the correspondence between zones of cation and ice enrichment suggests soluble materials were incorporated into permafrost during development of near‐surface aggradational ice. Moisture enrichment below an experimentally degrading permafrost table was negligible. Similar ice contents beneath the present permafrost table and the deep thaw unconformity, and the preservation of ice‐poor intervals immediately above the 1981 and deep thaw unconformities indicate limited vertical ice enrichment. The estimated rates of ice accumulation in two‐decade‐old permafrost are on the order of mm/a, but ice accumulation above older unconformities indicates that, in aggregate, these initial rates decrease with time. The ground ice and soluble cations sequestered in near‐surface permafrost comprise an important pool of water and nutrients that may be released into the active layer during periods of deeper thaw. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".