Dielectric and mechanical alterations of snow properties near the melting temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dielectric and mechanical properties of snow were investigated in the temperature range 15 to 0°C. Dielectric measurements were carried out in the frequency range 50 Hz 5 MHz; the low-frequency conductivity (at 100 Hz) of snow samples shows a peak in the temperature range 3 to 0.3°C and the dielectric dispersion-strength also shows a minimum in this same range. The propagation velocity of an elastic wave through snow samples was measured with a vibration response method in the frequency range 10 Hz 1 MHz; the propagation velocity shows an increase with the bond growth as a result of progressive sintering, and a significant decrease above 0.6°C. The temperature dependence of the low-frequency conductivity and the propagation velocity for snow samples show a hysteresis near the melting temperature. A boundary between ice particles in snow samples is discussed as a means for understanding these phenomena. PACS Nos.: 61.43Gt, 77.22Gm, 46.40-f, 73.25+i
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".