FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION ASSAY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRUCELLOSIS: A REVIEW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) is based on the rotational differences between a small soluble antigen molecule in solution (labelled with a fluorochrome) and the antigen molecule complexed with its antibody. A small molecule will rotate randomly at a rapid rate, resulting in rapid depolarization of light, while a larger complex molecule will rotate slower and depolarize light at a reduced rate. The rate change in depolarization can be measured. The FPA is a homogeneous assay which does not require removal of unreacted reagents and can, therefore, be performed very quickly and, given portable equipment, in the laboratory and in the field. The latter obviates the need for shipping samples and eliminates waiting for results, as well as reducing test costs. The FPA technology has been developed and validated for the serological diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle, swine, sheep, goats, bison, and cervids. Sufficient cross reactivity of the common epitopes of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis O-polysaccharide (OPS) allowed for the use of a single antigen for all species of smooth Brucella and animals. The OPS prepared from B. abortus S1119.3 was conjugated with fluorscein isothiocyanate (FITC). The FPA was initially developed for testing serum; however, the technology has been extended to testing whole blood and milk from individual animals or bulk tank samples pooled from 2000 or fewer animals. The accuracy of the FPA equalled or exceeded those obtained using other serological tests such as the buffered antigen plate agglutination test (BPAT), the milk ring test (MRT), the complement fixation test (CFT), the indirect enzyme immunoassay (IELISA), and the competitive enzyme immunoassay (CELISA).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".