Autologous transplantation of bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to circulate to damaged vascular endothelium and differentiate into mature endothelial cells. This study investigated whether bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell therapy ameliorates monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in a rat model. DESIGN: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive MCT (75 mg/kg) only (group 1), MCT plus autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (1.2 x 10(6) cells) transplantation (group 2), and saline injection only (group 3). Mononuclear cells were obtained from femoral bone marrow of group 2 rats and isolated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The cells were cultured for 21 days in endothelial culture medium. SETTING: An animal research laboratory at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Hemodynamics, ventricular weight, expressions of connexin43, endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA gene, Bcl-2, and number of alveolar sacs and small lung arterioles were measured. RESULTS: Hemodynamic measurements on day 28 after MCT treatment revealed the development of significantly increased pulmonary arterial hypertension in MCT-treated groups (p < .0001). The bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells were intravenously transplanted in group 2 on day 28 after MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. By day 90 after MCT treatment, the right ventricular systolic blood pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy were significantly increased in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (all p values <.01). In addition, connexin43 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA gene expressions of lung and right ventricle and Bcl-2 protein expression of right ventricle were significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (all p values <.01). Furthermore, the number of alveolar sacs and small lung arterioles were significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (all p values <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell transplantation effectively ameliorates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".