Autologous transplantation of bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to circulate to damaged vascular endothelium and differentiate into mature endothelial cells. This study investigated whether bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell therapy ameliorates monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in a rat model. DESIGN: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive MCT (75 mg/kg) only (group 1), MCT plus autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (1.2 x 10(6) cells) transplantation (group 2), and saline injection only (group 3). Mononuclear cells were obtained from femoral bone marrow of group 2 rats and isolated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The cells were cultured for 21 days in endothelial culture medium. SETTING: An animal research laboratory at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Hemodynamics, ventricular weight, expressions of connexin43, endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA gene, Bcl-2, and number of alveolar sacs and small lung arterioles were measured. RESULTS: Hemodynamic measurements on day 28 after MCT treatment revealed the development of significantly increased pulmonary arterial hypertension in MCT-treated groups (p < .0001). The bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells were intravenously transplanted in group 2 on day 28 after MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. By day 90 after MCT treatment, the right ventricular systolic blood pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy were significantly increased in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (all p values <.01). In addition, connexin43 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA gene expressions of lung and right ventricle and Bcl-2 protein expression of right ventricle were significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (all p values <.01). Furthermore, the number of alveolar sacs and small lung arterioles were significantly lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (all p values <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell transplantation effectively ameliorates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".