Cluster dynamics in the range N=2–20: High resolution infrared spectra of HeN–CO
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infrared spectra of HeN–CO complexes with N up to about 20 have been observed in the 2145 cm−1 region of the C–O stretch vibration using a tunable diode laser spectrometer to probe pulsed supersonic expansions from moderately high pressure (⩽40 atm) cooled (>−150 °C) jet sources. Cooler (⩽0.2 K) or warmer (⩽0.5 K) effective rotational temperatures were obtained using pinhole or slit jet nozzles, respectively. Two series of R(0) transitions were observed, each correlating smoothly with the known a-type (K=0←0) and b-type (K=1←0) R(0) lines of the binary complex, He–CO. Although the b-type series starts off about 7 times stronger for N=1, it was observed to lose intensity to the a series with increasing N-value. The numbering of cluster size was reliably established up to N=14 for the a-type and N=6 for the b-type series. Some warmer lines due to higher J-value transitions [e.g., R(1)] were observed and tentatively assigned, but these were not sufficient to enable rotational analysis. Thus it has not yet been possible to separate the effects of vibrational shifts and rotational dynamics on the line positions. Two critical regions were observed in the cluster size evolution around N=7 and 15, and these may be related to the theoretically calculated maximum and minimum, respectively, in the incremental binding energy per helium atom.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it