Erythrocyte Lithium Transport in Bipolar Affective Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Erythrocyte lithium influx and efflux were investigated in vitro in patients with bipolar affective disorders and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. To explore the components of lithium influx and efflux five selected inhibitors (ouabain, phloretin, p-chloromercury benzene sulfonate [PCMBS], 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene, and lanthanium chloride) were employed. The mean values of lithium influx were similar in both populations of erythrocytes. The addition of ouabain and phloretin reduced lithium influx, but this effect was comparable in both patients and controls. PCMBS had an accelerating effect, and this was more pronounced in patients. Total erythrocyte lithium efflux from lithium-containing erythrocytes was comparable in both patients and controls. The addition of phloretin reduced RBC lithium efflux, the magnitude of this parameter, however, was similar in patients and controls. Erythrocyte lithium efflux was accelerated in the presence of PCMBS, and this effect was greater in patients. The relevance of these findings to the postulated cell membrane defect in affective disorders is evaluated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".