First Report of Pathogenicity Group-3 of <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> on Winter Rape in Hungary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is an increasing threat to winter rape (Brassica napus L.) in Hungary. The winter rape acreage has been increasing, and the occurrence and severity of the disease has become widespread in all rapeseed-growing regions throughout Hungary in a very short time. The blackleg-infected rape stubbles were collected in the autumn of 2003 in Ikervár, County Vas where the disease was severe. Ascospores were obtained from pseudothecia growing on infected rape stubble (susceptible cvs. GK Helga and Aladin). Three single-spore cultures were grown on V8 agar medium at room temperature and fluorescent light. The culture characteristics fit the type culture description for L. maculans. Pycnidiospores that formed on V8 plates were flooded with 10 ml of sterile distilled water. Seeds of cvs. Westar, Glacier, and Quinta obtained from the Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Canada were sown in plastic pots containing peat mix. Seedlings were maintained in a growth chamber at 24°C with 90% relative humidity and a 16-h photoperiod. Seven days after sowing, cotyledons were wound inoculated with a 10-μl droplet of pycnidiospore suspension (1.5 × 107 spores ml-1). Interaction phenotypes (IP) were scored 10 days after inoculation using a 0 to 9 scale (1). All three isolates from Ikervár were highly virulent on cvs. Westar (8.8 to 8.9) and Glacier (8.1 to 8.3) and avirulent on cv. Quinta (0.8 to 0.9). The IP ratings indicated that these isolates belonged to pathogenicity group-3 (PG-3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of L. maculans PG-3 in Hungary. At the current time, PG-3 has caused at least 30% yield losses in susceptible cultivars of winter rape. Reference: (1) A. Mengistu et al. Plant Dis. 75:1279, 1991.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".