Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical switches are employed to change the values of two exponents in a variable-form model of bole taper. The taper of a bole is modeled, with respect to height from the ground, by three connected geometric segments (i.e., a basal, middle, and top segment). The numerical switches provide for either graded or abrupt transition from the basal to the middle segment and from the middle to the top segment. The height of the base of the crown was assumed to be the point of transition between the middle and top segments. Crown height can be either measured or estimated with a simple submodel that emerged from the taper model. Compared with estimated crown height, the use of measured crown height improved the precision of the taper model when fitted for Liquidambar styraciflua L., but not Pinus elliottii Engelm., or Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. and C. Laws. The taper model also was fitted for Liriodendron tulipifera L., but crown height was not available. Correlation among residuals within individual boles was accounted for in the fitting procedure. The taper model proved to be reasonably precise for all four species, and the parameters are easy to interpret.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".