A Phase-Averaged Analysis of Droplet Dispersion in the Wake of a Square Cylinder in a Uniform Stream
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Time-averaged and phase-averaged size and velocity distributions of water droplets in the turbulent wake of a square cross-section cylinder, measured with a phase-Doppler anemometer, are presented for a Reynolds number ReD=18,500, based on the free stream velocity, U∞, and cylinder side dimension, D. It is shown that the coherent motion strongly influences the particle distribution and that the mean flow representation can be misleading in interpreting mixing. The results show that small particle concentration is largest in the very near wake. The mean particle distributions are homogeneous as early as 4D downstream of the cylinder, but the influence of vortex shedding on instantaneous distributions persists much longer. It is also observed that at the point of maximum mean streamline curvature, which also coincides with the region of maximum streamwise velocity fluctuations, particle separation is most effective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".