Band Alignment at Anode/Organic Interfaces for Highly Efficient Simplified Blue-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient simplified blue-emitting phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated with a nickel oxide (Ni 2 O 3 ) or molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. The maximum current efficiency of device anode/bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl)iridium (FIrpic)/FIrpic:1,3,5-tris( N -phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene (TPBi)/LiF/Al was increased from 3.6 cd/A with ITO anode to 22.0 and 23.6 cd/A for Ni 2 O 3 and MoO 3 modified ITO anodes, respectively. Moreover, the maximum current and power efficiencies of another bilayer device ITO/MoO 3 /FIrpic:4,4′- N, N′ -dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP)/FIrpic:TPBi/LiF/Al were as high as 49 cd/A and 48 lm/W, respectively. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were employed to investigate the electronic structure of the anode/organic interfaces. Results show that the band alignment at the oxide/organic interface plays a critical role in these simplified blue devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".