Band Alignment at Anode/Organic Interfaces for Highly Efficient Simplified Blue-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient simplified blue-emitting phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated with a nickel oxide (Ni 2 O 3 ) or molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. The maximum current efficiency of device anode/bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl)iridium (FIrpic)/FIrpic:1,3,5-tris( N -phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene (TPBi)/LiF/Al was increased from 3.6 cd/A with ITO anode to 22.0 and 23.6 cd/A for Ni 2 O 3 and MoO 3 modified ITO anodes, respectively. Moreover, the maximum current and power efficiencies of another bilayer device ITO/MoO 3 /FIrpic:4,4′- N, N′ -dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP)/FIrpic:TPBi/LiF/Al were as high as 49 cd/A and 48 lm/W, respectively. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were employed to investigate the electronic structure of the anode/organic interfaces. Results show that the band alignment at the oxide/organic interface plays a critical role in these simplified blue devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".