The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Wicheeda Carbonatite Complex, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Wicheeda Carbonatite Complex, located 80 km northeast of Prince George in British Columbia, Canada, has been historically explored for its REE potential but, until recently, there has been very little extensive exploration or scientific study. The Complex consists of a carbonatite plug with a series of carbonatite and potassic-syenite dykes and sills emplaced into the upper Cambrian and lower Ordovician Kechika Group. The carbonatite is classified as a calcio- to ferro-carbonatite. Sodic-fenitization is common around the carbonatite and the degree of alteration and frequency of syenite occurrences increase away from the carbonatite plug. The rare earth mineralogy of the Wicheeda carbonatite was defined through the use of petrography, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The REE mineralogy is complex, with multiple stages of primary, late-stage, rapidly cooling crystallization. The mineralogy consists of Ca-REE-fluorocarbonates [including bastnäsite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce), and synchysite-(Ce)], Ba-REE-fluorocarbonates [including cordylite-(Ce), kukharenkoite-(Ce), cebaite-(Ce), huangnoite-(Ce), and qaqarssukite-(Ce)], ancylite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce), euxenite-(Y) and allanite-(Ce); the majority of which are LREE-rich. The REE minerals typically form in anhedral aggregates with strontianite, calcite, dolomite, and ankerite. The aggregates range in size from a 1–2 mm but have been observed up to 7 cm. The Ca-REE-fluorocarbonate minerals generally form as syntaxial intergrowths whereas the other REE minerals form individual crystals. The REE content varies throughout the carbonatite intervals with an average of 9663 ppm. Evidence from the Wicheeda Carbonatite Complex and comparisons with other worldwide carbonatites suggest that the complex is derived from low-degree partial melts extracted from metasomatized lithospheric mantle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".