Pore-scale studies of spontaneous imbibition into oil-saturated porous media
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spontaneous imbibition phenomenon was modeled using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The model was validated using silicon-etched micromodel and sandpack visualization experiments. The strongly water-wet model saturated with oil (kerosene or mineral oil) was exposed to distilled water in order for a capillary interaction to take place under static conditions. These experiments mimic the transfer between rock matrix and fracture during any wetting phase flow in fractures while the matrix contains a nonwetting phase as encountered in oil, gas, and geothermal reservoirs as well as during the application of subsurface CO2 sequestration or waste disposal reservoirs. Despite the vast amount of research work on this common process, pore-scale investigations and modeling are limited especially at small time scales. The results showed that the LBM captures the physics of the process at pore scale for low viscosity values of nonwetting phase for any type of (cocurrent or countercurrent imbibition) interaction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it