The group cohesion factor of a dragon boat race training prgramme following treatment for breast cancer in the UK
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background \nThere is increasing evidence that exercise and physical activity after breast cancer treatment can attenuate treatment related side effects and accelerate both physical and psychological recovery. However, the numbers of survivors engaging in physical activity and exercise after completion of treatment are low owing to lack of motivation and self-discipline, and to over cautious advice from health-care professionals. Dragon Boat Racing is a team sport that has been adopted recently by breast cancer survivors, which was first evaluated for its safety and beneficial effects on arm lymphoedema in Canada by McKenzie in 1996. \nGroup cohesion is an important factor in team based training, which impacts performance in athletes. Amongst breast cancer survivors this factor can be viewed as a mechanism for active social support and potentially provide a significant motivational force which supports adherence to a beneficial structured exercise programme. \nAim and Method \nA single cohort longitudinal study was designed to explore group cohesiveness from participating in a 20 week Dragon Boat Race Training Programme with fellow breast cancer survivors culminating in a competitive race. A progressive exercise training programme was designed to develop sport specific fitness. Opened ended questionnaires and complementary focus groups were used to gather qualitative data from a sample of 13 self selected women at four time points: baseline, 6 weeks, 20 weeks, and 3 months post intervention. All participants were at least 3 months post treatment (excluding hormone therapy) for primary breast cancer and ranged between 36-72 years of age. Four women had clinically diagnosed mild arm lymphoedema. Scientific and ethical reviews were obtained. \nResults \nExceptional motivational support was recounted by participants and reflected in training adherence rates up to 94%. From self reports, adherence was due to commitment, partner support, group support, responsibility to the group and camaraderie. Participants felt that the Dragon Boat race training experience provided fitness, fun, laughter, pride and a sense of belonging. The most beneficial aspect of being part of the group was being with likeminded people, friendship, regularity and encouragement. Difficulties included family commitments and sometimes self motivation when energy levels were low and body was aching. \nConclusion \nExceptional group cohesion was attributed to assisting the high levels of motivation and adherence to the training programme. Upon completion, most women expressed the desire to continue exercising regularly. \nThis structured, team-based group training programme has useful implications for health care professionals and breast cancer survivors to assist rehabilitation and promote an active lifestyle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".