Phylogenetic systematics of "<i>Bathydoris</i>" s.l. Bergh, 1884 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with the description of a new species from New Caledonian deep waters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are six valid species in the traditional genus Bathydoris, all of them found in polar or deep waters: Bathydoris abyssorum Bergh, 1884 (from the deep equatorial Pacific Ocean), Bathydoris ingolfiana Bergh, 1899 (from Greenland), Bathydoris hodgsoni Eliot, 1907 (from Antarctic and subantarctic waters), Bathydoris clavigera Thiele, 1912 (from the Argentinean deep-sea basin and Antarctica), Bathydoris aioca Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1962 (from deep waters off California), and a new species, Bathydoris spiralis (from deep waters off New Caledonia). Bathydoris patagonica Kaiser, 1980 and Bathydoris violacea Baranets, 1993 are regarded as synonyms of B. hodgsoni and B. clavigera, respectively. Bathydoris spiralis is clearly distinguishable from other members of the genus mainly in having a triaulic reproductive system and a very elongated, spirally coiled deferent duct. Examination of the holotype of B. violacea revealed that it is a synonym of B. clavigera. Bathydoris vitjazi Minichev, 1969 is most likely a synonym of B. hodgsoni, but is provisionally regarded as nomen dubium until more material becomes available. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports the monophyly of the Anthobranchia but shows that the genus Bathydoris is paraphyletic. Species of Bathydoris are divided into two clades, one of them also containing the phanerobranch and cryptobranch dorids. Bathydoris type species B. abyssorum retains its name and diagnosis, but B. clavigera and B. spiralis are excluded from this genus. They are, however, provisionally maintained in "Bathydoris" s.l., a likely paraphyletic group. This result shows some incongruities between the traditional nomenclatural system and phylogenetic systematics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".