The community economic development tradition in Eastern Nova Scotia, Canada: ideological continuities and discontinuities between the Antigonish Movement and the Family of community development corporation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The eastern part of Nova Scotia in Atlantic Canada is home to two well known initiatives in community economic development (CED); the Antigonish Movement of co‐operatives and a group of Cape Breton community development corporations, referred to here as the Family. The Antigonish Movement is the older of the two, originating as a response to economic crisis in the region in the years leading up to World War II. The Family of community development corporations began in the 1970s with the establishment of its flagship corporation, New Dawn Enterprises Limited, now the oldest community development corporation in Canada. In the literature, the two are said to represent a common tradition in the region of trying to combat excessive external control of the economy through the creation of community controlled businesses. The tradition, however, is also an ideological one, with important continuities and discontinuities. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical assessment of these continuities and discontinuities by focusing on the activities and organizational forms adopted by each of the initiatives. The article identifies issues that arise out of democratic and non‐democratic forms of CED practice. It is concluded that the Family's community development corporations represent, at best, a pale shadow of the promise for democratic and participatory CED contained in the co‐operative and adult education program of the Antigonish Movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.036 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".