Comparison of Fingertip to Arterial Blood Samples at Rest and During Exercise
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine whether arterialized fingertip blood-gas samples are comparable to arterial samples at rest and at exercise. DESIGN: Repeated measures, with subjects serving as their own controls. SETTING: Department of Anesthesia, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, (January to April 2004). PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen healthy men (age = 25 +/- 4 y; weight = 76.4 +/- 11.4 kg; height = 180.7 +/- 8.0 cm; peak oxygen uptake or VO2peak = 46.0 +/- 9.0 mL . kg . min). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Arterial blood gases, metabolites, electrolytes. RESULTS: Blood sampled simultaneously from the radial artery and warmed fingertip at rest and during 2 levels of exercise (vigorous 181 W or 70% VO2peak; maximal 261 W or 100% VO2peak) on a electronically braked ergometer. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen in blood combining rest and the 2 exercise levels was on average 13.6 +/- 9.0 mm Hg higher than arterialized fingertip samples, with the largest difference occurring at rest (18.8 +/- 6.5 mm Hg; 95% CI = 15.5, 22.1) and the smallest difference occurring at the highest level of exercise (8.3 +/- 9.2 mm Hg; 95% CI = 3.6, 13.0; P < 0.05). The pattern for oxyhemoglobin saturation was the same, showing statistical differences between the sampling sites with the differences reduced at the highest exercise intensity. In contrast, there was no difference in arterial and arterialized partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood (-1.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg; 95% CI = -1.4, -0.6), or plasma lactate, glucose, pH, hemoglobin, and electrolytes between both sampling sites at rest or at the 2 exercise levels. CONCLUSION: Arterialized fingertip blood samples at rest and during exercise can predict arterial carbon dioxide pressure, and can predict arterial plasma lactate, glucose, pH, hemoglobin, and electrolytes; but not arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation or arterial oxygen pressure.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it