Ontogeny of individual asymmetries in several traits of larval<i>Chironomus riparius</i>Meigen, 1804 (Diptera, Chironomidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years considerable effort has been dedicated to the analysis of alterations in the morphology of individuals, mainly fluctuating asymmetry, as bioindicators of stress. However, inconsistent results and a general lack of knowledge about the processes involved in the generation and development of asymmetries have discouraged some researchers from using this tool. We present a study of the ontogeny of individual asymmetries in several traits of Chironomus riparius larvae. Development of asymmetries through consecutive instars showed no evidence of sidedness and was in accordance with a compensatory growth model, since growth of the smaller side was typically greater than growth of the larger side during one moult. Surprisingly, however, although growth was compensatory, rightleft (R-L) values were size-dependent and increased throughout larval development. Once R-L values were corrected for size dependence, asymmetry levels proved to be similar in all instars except for instar I in one case. We discuss our findings in relation to the developmental patterns and regulation mechanisms described and proposed in similar studies. Specifically, the coincidence of our results with those of another study on insects may indicate the existence of similar regulatory systems throughout this group of animals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".