A radiofrequency transseptal needle: Initial animal studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a new transseptal needle design with a radiofrequency (RF) tip combined with the ease of use of the needle configuration. BACKGROUND: RF transseptal puncture to enter the left heart, with a RF wire-catheter system is a successful technique in patients with complex access using a standard transseptal needle. METHODS: The RF transseptal needle (NRG™ Transseptal Needle; Baylis Medical, Montreal, Canada) was designed for RF percutaneous transseptal access to the left heart. Eight pigs underwent transvenous cardiac catheterization with baseline intracardiac electrograms and right atrial pressure waveforms. Transseptal RF puncture was performed followed by left atrial pressure waveform monitoring. RESULTS: An intracardiac electrogram was recorded in each animal while dragging the needle tip from the superior caval vein across the atrial septum and into the inferior caval vein. Contrast staining of the atrial septum was accomplished in all animals, with subsequent RF septal puncture. After 0.1 sec, impedance increased from 300 to 1,200 Ohms with the creation of a vapor layer, and voltage increased steadily to a threshold of 230 volts over the first 0.4 sec. This dielectric breakdown results in tissue vaporization and tissue perforation. The needle's location within the left atrium was confirmed by the pressure waveform and contrast injection. Repeated RF punctures with the NRG™ was compatible with various manufactures transseptal sheaths. CONCLUSION: RF puncture of the interatrial septum using the NRG™ Transseptal Needle facilitates an alternative effective technique to enter the left atrium. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".