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Development of the clavicles in birds and mammals

2001· review· en· W2025755980 on OpenAlexafffund
Brian K. Hall

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Experimental Zoology · 2001
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicShoulder and Clavicle Injuries
Canadian institutionsDalhousie University
FundersDalhousie University
KeywordsEndochondral ossificationAnatomyClavicleOssificationIntramembranous ossificationCartilageBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Clavicles (collar bones) are variably present in mammals. Furculae (wishbones)--which may or may not be homologous with clavicles--are variably present and/or fused in birds and present in theropod dinosaurs. In this overview the development of clavicles and furculae is discussed with special attention to modes of skeletogenesis (whether intramembranous or endochondral), numbers of centres of ossification (one in chick furculae; two in murine clavicles), presence of cartilage (primary in clavicles, secondary in furculae), evidence from experimental analysis and from mutations for dependence of both clavicular and furcular growth on mechanical stimulation, and syndromes and mutations affecting clavicular development leading to both under and over development. J. Exp. Zool. 289:153-161, 2001.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.016

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.004

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.056
GPT teacher head0.438
Teacher spread0.382 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations60
Published2001
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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