Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-Assisted Sol−Gel Deposition of Quality β-Barium Borate Thin Films for Photonics Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
β-Barium borate (β-BaB 2 O 4, β-BBO) films were deposited on fused silica substrates by spin coating poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-modified metallo-organic solutions. Film thicknesses of more than 500 nm were obtained by a single spin-coating step followed by O 2 plasma and thermal treatments. Crack formation was effectively suppressed by the introduction of PVP. Samples annealed at 650 °C exhibit high transparency over a wide wavelength range (1100 nm−210 nm) and have a preferred orientation corresponding to the (006) crystallographic direction. The increased thickness of the BBO films provided a >10-fold increase in the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency when compared to BBO layers fabricated without the addition of PVP and O 2 treatment. The precursor gels are readily amenable to contact lithography leading to patterned β-BBO films.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".