Intracellular Delivery of a Tat-eGFP Fusion Protein into Muscle Cells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Tat protein from HIV-1, when fused with heterologous proteins or peptides, can traverse biological membranes in a process called "protein transduction," delivering its cargo into cells. A Tat-eGFP fusion protein was purified from bacteria to study the transduction kinetics of Tat fusion proteins into cultured myoblasts and in the muscle tissue. Correctly folded Tat-eGFP reaches a maximum intracellular level in nearly 30 min, while its endogenous fluorescence is first detected only after 14 h. The nuclear localization signal from the basic domain of Tat was not sufficient to confer nuclear localization to Tat-eGFP, suggesting that the nuclear import pathway used by the exogenously added Tat-eGFP might be sensitive to the folding state of eGFP. In mice, the direct delivery to the muscle tissue using subcutaneous injections or the intra-arterial pathway led to few positive fibers in the muscle periphery or surrounding the blood vessels. Muscles injected with Tat-eGFP showed intense labeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), suggesting that, although Tat fusion proteins can transduce muscle fibers, their binding by components of the ECM surrounding myofibers could interfere with the intracellular transduction process.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it