Synthesis and Characterization of New Lead-Free Ferroelectric (1 −<i>x</i>)AgNbO<sub>3</sub>–<i>x</i>K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub>Solid Solution
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new lead-free solid solution of (1 − x)AgNbO3–xK0.5Na0.5NbO3 [AN-KNN] (with x = 0–0.50) has been prepared by solid state reaction in oxygen atmosphere in the form of ceramics. The substitution of (K0.5Na0.5)+ for Ag+ greatly enhances both the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of AN which initially is a weak ferroelectric. With increasing KNN content, the maximum dielectric constant increases significantly, i.e. ∼ 8.5 times higher for x = 0.12 than for the pure AN, and the Curie temperature decreases from 345°C in x = 0 to 250°C in x = 0.10 and then increases again from 250 to 295°C for x = 0.12–0.50. It is found that the addition of KNN introduces a normal ferroelectric behavior in the solid solution possibly by suppressing the octahedral tilting in AN, giving rise to a dramatic increase in the remnant polarization (Pr ), which reaches a value of Pr = 6.5 μC/cm2 at x = 0.30.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it