Coherent flow structures and suspension events over low-angle dunes: Fraser River, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is increasingly obvious that dunes with low-angle lee-sides (< 30°) are the most common bedform morphology in large sand-bedded alluvial channels.Flume studies have revealed much about flow and sediment dynamics over high-angle (~30°) dunes, however little is known about low-angle dunes.This study examines flow and suspension events over low-angle dunes in unsteady flow of the Fraser Estuary, Canada.Dune field bathymetry was mapped using a multibeam echo sounder while an acoustic Doppler current profiler simultaneously provided flow and suspended sediment measurements over a range of flows through tidal cycles.Mean flow and sediment transport varied through the tidal cycles.River flow dominated at low tide and largescale suspended sediment events emerged as important sediment transport agents.I estimate that 69% of the total sediment is carried by 50% of the flow during low tide suspension events dominate the flow field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".