The Effect of Cement Mixing Time on the Biomechanics of Cement Augmented Plated Fractures in Canine Femora
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the effect of cement mixing time and, hence, cement viscosity on the biomechanical behavior of femoral fracture fixation. DESIGN: Cadaveric plated canine femoral fracture model, comparing treatments in matched pairs. SETTING: Orthopaedic biomechanics laboratory. INTERVENTION: Cement was inserted both as a liquid and as a paste in standard and oversized screw holes to augment fixation with plates and screws. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Standard 4-point bending tests were performed to obtain stiffness and failure load values. RESULTS: Liquid cement had a 1.38 times increase in stiffness and a failure load 1.84 times greater compared with paste cement, regardless of hole size with a gap at the fracture site (P < 0.05). Liquid cement had a force to failure of 1.77 and 1.91 times in the standard-sized and oversized holes, respectively, when compared with paste cement (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When the cement was inserted in a liquid state in a plated femoral diaphyseal fracture with a gap, screw purchase augmentation achieved greater bending stiffness and resisted a greater failure load.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".