Stochastic delay differential equation and its application on communications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, stochastic delay differential equation (SDDE) and its application on communications are discussed. Based on SDDE, a novel communication scheme-delay time modulation (DTM) is proposed. In this modulation scheme, the information signal is conveyed by the delay time of a delayed linear Langevin equation, which exhibits a linear relationship with the variance of the SDDE system output. The information signal can be retrieved at the receiving end by estimating the variance of the received signal. To evaluate the performance of DTM scheme, normalized mean square error (NMSE) in additive white Gaussian channel is derived for analog information transmission, as well as BER (bit error rate) for binary information communications. Both analytical and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed scheme.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it