An overview of the kinetics and catalysis of hydrogen storage on organic liquids
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The potential for chemical H 2 storage on liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) has focused attention on the catalytic reactions needed to store and release H 2 from the LOHCs. Herein we review our recent studies on the use of N ‐ethylcarbazole and carbazole as LOHCs. Experimental data show that the hydrogenation reactions are relatively facile, although N ‐ethylcarbazole hydrogenates 10×'s faster than carbazole on a 5 wt% Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst at 150°C. Dehydrogenation of dodecahydro‐ N ‐ethylcarbazole is more difficult than hydrogenation and is structure sensitive on Pd catalysts. Maximum activity and 100% selectivity to the completely dehydrogenated product, N ‐ethylcarbazole, was achieved over a 4 wt% Pd/SiO 2 catalyst with d Pd ∼ 9 nm. The dehydrogenation TOF of dodecahydrocarbazole and dodecahydrofluorene were much lower than dodecahydro‐ N ‐ethylcarbazole. DFT was used to identify the dehydrogenation mechanism and explain the experimental observations. Both theoretical and experimental results lead to the conclusion that dodecahydro‐ N ‐ethylcarbazole is a better H 2 storage candidate than dodecahydrocarbazole.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it