Pathology associated with an aquareovirus in captive juvenile Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and an experimental treatment strategy for a concurrent bacterial infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large-scale mortality of larval and juvenile halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus occurred at a semi-commercial halibut farm in Atlantic Canada. Investigation of the cause revealed aquareovirus particles in necrotic liver tissue of affected fish. Cytopathic effect on CHSE-214 cell lines occurred from all fish cultured for viruses, and the viral morphology of the particles in culture was consistent with that observed in necrotic host tissue. The virus was placed in the family of Reoviridae, genus Aquareovirus based on morphology and RT-PCR results. Multifocal hepatocellular necrosis was a consistent finding in all fish as well as acute necrosis of proximal renal tubules. Concurrent bacterial infections were present in some specimens. Fish experimentally treated with oxytetracycline or a combination of oxytetracycline and chloramine-T had a significantly lower mortality rate than untreated fish. Fish treated with chloramine-T alone had a significantly elevated mortality rate compared to controls. Despite supportive medical therapy, mortality levels in treated and untreated groups remained elevated, supporting the hypothesis that the primary pathogen was of viral origin. This is the first report of elevated mortalities in Atlantic halibut associated with an aquareovirus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".