Application of vertical skyward wide-angle photography and airborne video data for phenological studies of beech forests in the German Alps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vertical skyward wide-angle photography, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements and analysis of leaf parameters were used as ground data for the assessment of phenological change of montane beech forest using airborne video data in the German Alps. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to test the feasibility of wide-angle photographs as ground data for remotely sensed data, (2) to evaluate the feasibility of airborne video data in a change detection study, and (3) to study the phenology of beech forests in different elevation zones to acquire information for regional photosynthesis and evapotranspiration studies. The results showed an increase in canopy closure from April to early June, no changes during the summer months, and a slow decrease in autumn. The results also showed a strong correlation between canopy closure estimation using the photographic method, PAR measurements, and leaf variables. The adjusted r 2 values between photographic canopy closure estimation and PAR ratio ranged from 0.72 to 0.88 and between canopy closure estimation and leaf size from 0.77 to 0.88. The problem of using photographic canopy closure estimation in phenological studies is that canopy closure is difficult to compare with spectral information of remote sensing data. The estimations had high correlation (r 2=0.71) only with the red band of the airborne data, while with green and the near-infrared (NIR) band the correlations were very weak.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".