An In Vivo Comparative Analysis of the Intra-Operative Properties of Injectable Calcium Phosphate/Calcium Sulphate Based Bone Cements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the mixing, transfer and handling, properties, injectability, set time, wash-out characteristics, acceptance of hardware (i.e. stainless screws), and their delivery/transfer systems of self hardening synthetic bone cements made from calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate. Surgical procedures (i.e. cranioplasty) were performed on adult Labrador dogs using seven different bone cements from various manufacturers. Direct comparison of the defined intraoperative properties were evaluated and recorded. There is considerable variability with respect to application properties among commercially available injectable synthetic bone cements. Only one product was rated good to excellent in seven of the eight categories evaluated (6-excellent, 1-good, 1-fair) based on in-vivo tests. This study outlines the critical parameters required for successful implantation of cements that have to be understood when designing new injectable bone cements for the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".