Near-Infrared-to-Blue Upconversion in Colloidal BaYF<sub>5</sub>:Tm<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup> Nanocrystals
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tetragonal barium yttrium fluoride (BaYF 5 ) nanocrystals doped with 0.5 mol % Tm 3+ and 15 mol % Yb 3+ (BaYF 5:Tm 3+, Yb 3+ ) were synthesized using the thermal decomposition method yielding rectangular-shaped nanocrystals (15 nm × 5 nm) that can (up)convert near-infrared light to higher energies such as blue, via a process known as upconversion. The upconversion spectrum of the BaYF 5:Tm 3+, Yb 3+ nanocrystals, following excitation with 980 nm, revealed that the upconverted blue emission from the 1 G 4 → 3 H 6 transition was more intense than the infrared 3 H 4 → 3 H 6 emission at high excitation densities (90 W/cm 2 ) contrary to what is normally observed for Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ codoped nanomaterials. On the other hand, the infrared emission dominates at lower excitation densities (15 W/cm 2 ) demonstrating a lack of excited Yb 3+ ions to carry on the upconversion beyond the 3 H 4 excited state to the 1 G 4 excited state. A saturation of the upconversion process was observed in the power dependence studies at excitation densities above 57 W/cm 2, causing a deviation in the expected number of photons required for the upconversion process. The upconversion properties of BaYF 5:Tm 3+, Yb 3+ nanocrystals are elucidated and discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it