The role of the X chromosome in mammalian extra embryonic development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to the importance of the X chromosome for trophoblast development. In rodents, the extraembryonic cell lineage differs from somatic tissues in that X chromosome inactivation is imprinted, preferentially silencing the paternal X chromosome. As a consequence, trophoblast development is extremely susceptible to deviations from normal X inactivation and is impaired in situations of increased and reduced X-linked gene dosage. Mouse mutants have also shown that maintenance of X chromosome silencing in extraembryonic tissues requires a special set of heterochromatin proteins. Moreover, the X chromosome has been implicated in causing several malformations of the placenta. The observed importance of the X chromosome for placental development can be explained by the presence of many trophoblast-expressed genes, especially in the proximal and central regions. Given that the placenta represents a postzygotic barrier to reproduction, evolutionary constraints may be responsible for the presence of placental genes on the X chromosome that are often co-expressed in brain and testis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".