Precision Microwave Measurement of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Interval in Atomic Helium: A Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ${2}^{3}{P}_{1}$-to- ${2}^{3}{P}_{0}$ interval in atomic helium is measured using a thermal beam of metastable helium atoms excited to the ${2}^{3}P$ state using a $1.08\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ diode laser. The ${2}^{3}{P}_{1}$-to- ${2}^{3}{P}_{0}$ transition is driven by 29.6-GHz microwaves in a rectangular waveguide cavity. Our result of $29616950.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\mathrm{kHz}$ is the most precise measurement of helium ${2}^{3}P$ fine structure. When compared to precise theory for this interval, this measurement leads to a determination of the fine-structure constant of $1/137.0359864(31)$.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.014 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.970 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it