L'évolution du phénomène de l'interlistage des entreprises canadiennes sur les marchés financiers américains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé Le listage international des actions des entreprises canadiennes sur les places financières américaines a connu un essor considérable au cours des années 1980, lequel s’explique par la recherche d’un financement moins cher que sur le marché intérieur. Cet article analyse l’évolution de ce phénomène durant la dernière décennie et sonde ce comportement en étudiant les caractéristiques des entreprises qui ont inscrit leurs actions sur les places boursières américaines. La dernière décennie a connu une tendance à l’intégration des marchés financiers nord-américains. Si les entreprises canadiennes qui procédaient à l’interlistage recherchaient des sources de financement moins chères aux États-Unis, ce phénomène aurait dû marquer un ralentissement dans les années 1990. Cependant, l’interlistage a continué à connaître un grand essor, en particulier dans les entreprises de petite et moyenne taille appartenant au secteur des ressources naturelles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".