Partial directed coherence-based information flow in Parkinson's disease patients performing a visually-guided motor task
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a partial directed coherence (PCD) method based on a sparse multivariate autoregressive (mAR) model to investigate patterns of information flow in electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients performing a visually-guided motor task. The use of a sparsity constraint on the mAR matrix addresses issues such as sample size, model order selection and number of parameters to be estimated, particularly when the number of EEG channels used is large and the window size is small in order to capture dynamic changes. The proposed PDC-based information flow analysis demonstrated distinctly altered patterns of connectivity between PD patients off medication and healthy subjects, particularly with respect to net information outflow from the left sensorimotor (L Sm) region, which might indicate excessive spreading of activity in the diseased state. Disrupted patterns of connectivity in PD were partially restored by levodopa medication. In addition, PDC-based analysis proved to be more sensitive to temporally-dynamic connectivity changes as compared to traditional spectral analysis, which might be influenced primarily by large-scale changes. We suggest that the proposed sparse-PDC method is a suitable technique to investigate altered connectivity in Parkinson's disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".