Ordering and Steric-Hardening in SBS-Modified Bitumen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Styrene−butadiene−styrene (SBS)-modified bitumen shows good cracking resistance at low temperatures. With the knowledge of the microstructure of SBS-modified bitumen being incomplete, the reasons for the low-temperature performance remain partly unclear. In this work, modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) was used to study the ordering of crystallizable alkanes and that of alkyl aromatics in SBS-modified bitumen. These compounds are responsible, respectively, for the cold-crystallization (CC) and the steric-hardening (SH) visible on the nonreversing heat-flow (NRHF) curves obtained from MDSC. In blends of bitumen with 3, 6, and 10 wt % SBS, CC and SH enthalpies were measured. SBS was found to reduce both the CC and the SH in bitumen, the reduction being disproportionately higher than expected on the basis of polymer concentration. The loss of CC and SH enthalpies demonstrate the reduced capacity of alkanes and alkyl aromatics to order in the presence of SBS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".