Beta-catenin Mediates Soft Tissue Contracture in Clubfoot
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The contracted tissues from clubfeet resemble tissues from other fibroproliferative disorders such as palmar fibromatosis. Beta-catenin-mediated signaling is a crucial pathway controlling the fibroproliferative response in many fibroproliferative disorders. To determine if beta-catenin signaling plays a role in clubfoot, contracted and less contracted tissues from clubfeet were studied using Western analysis to determine the protein level of beta-catenin. Primary cell cultures were established from these tissues, and they were treated with either lithium to increase beta-catenin or Dickkopf-1 to inhibit beta-catenin. RNA was extracted from the cells and analyzed to determine how beta-catenin regulates expression of Type III collagen, an extracellular matrix protein upregulated in contracted clubfoot tissue. There was a more than twofold increase in beta-catenin protein in the contracted tissues. Treatment with either lithium or Dickkopf-1 showed Type III collagen RNA expression positively correlated with the protein level of beta-catenin. These data support the concept that beta-catenin-mediated signaling plays an important role regulating contracture in clubfeet. Because pharmacologic agents are under development to block this signaling pathway, such drugs could be used in cases of severe stiffness to improve range of motion or to decrease the need for radical surgical approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".